Amount of the funded status of the plan. Funded Status represents the difference between benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. Funded Status Funded Status The excess of the present value, as of the date of a pension plan valuation, of prospective pension benefits and administrative expenses over the sum of (1) the amount in the pension fund and (2) the present value of future contributions for normal cost determined by any of several actuarial cost methods. Accrued Benefit Liability Accrued Benefit Liability The actuarial present value of pension benefits (whether vested or unvested) attributed to employee service rendered before a specified date and based on employee service and compensation (if applicable) prior to that date. The accumulated benefit obligation differs from the projected benefit obligation in that it includes no assumption about future compensation levels. For plans with flat-benefit or non-pay-related pension benefit formulas, the accumulated benefit obligation and the projected benefit obligation are the same. Accumulated Benefit Obligation Accumulated Benefit Obligation The accumulated postretirement benefit obligation in excess of the fair value of plan assets. Accumulated Benefit Obligation in Excess of Plan Assets Accumulated Benefit Obligation in Excess of Plan Assets Total of other comprehensive income for a period which is the change in equity [net assets] of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from nonowner sources. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income The difference between fair value of plan assets at the end of the period and the fair value at the beginning of the period, adjusted for contributions and payments of benefits during the period. Actual Return on Plan Assets Actual Return on Plan Assets A change in the value of either the projected benefit obligation or the plan assets resulting from experience different from that assumed or from a change in an actuarial assumption. Actuarial Gain/(Loss) Actuarial Gain/(Loss) If applicable, any alternative amortization method used to amortize prior service amounts or unrecognized net gains or losses pursuant to p paragraphs 26 and 33 of Statement 87 or paragraphs 53 and 60 of Statement 106. Alternative Amoritization Methods Alternative Amoritization Methods A change in the terms of an existing plan or the initiation of a new plan. A plan amendment may increase benefits, including those attributed to years of service already rendered. Amendments Amendments Amortization of benefits granted in a plan amendment (or initiation) that are attributed by the pension benefit formula to employee services rendered in periods prior to the amendment. The cost of retroactive benefits is referred to as Prior Service Cost. Amortization of Prior Service Cost Amortization of Prior Service Cost Amortization Unrecognized Transition Obligation Transition Asset Amortization Unrecognized Transition Obligation Transition Asset Amount (Gain)/ Loss Recognized Due Settlement or Curtailment Amount (Gain)/ Loss Recognized Due Settlement or Curtailment The amount included within other comprehensive income for the period arising from a change in the additional minimum pension liability recognized pursuant to paragraph 37 of Statement 87, as amended. Amount Included in Other Comprehensive Income Arising from a Change in Additional Minimum Pension Liability Recognized Amount in Other Comprehensive Income from a Change in Additional Minimum Pension Liability An assumption about the annual rate(s) of change in the cost of health care benefits currently provided by the postretirement benefit plan, due to factors other than changes in the composition of the plan population by age and dependency status, for each year from the measurement date until the end of the period in which benefits are expected to be paid. The health care cost trend rates implicitly consider estimates of health care inflation, changes in health care utilization or delivery patterns, technological advances, and changes in the health status of the plan participants. Differing types of services, such as hospital care and dental care, may have different trend rates. Amounts Recognized in Statement of Financial Position Amounts Recognized in Statement of Financial Position The amount recognized in an employer's financial statements as the cost of a pension plan for a period. Amounts and Types of Securities Included in Plan Amounts and Types of Securities Included in Plan The actuarial present value as of a date of all benefits attributed by the pension benefit formula to employee service rendered prior to that date. PBO is measured using assumptions as to future compensation levels if the pension benefit formula is based on those future compensation levels. Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rates Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rates The benefits (as of the date of the latest statement of financial position presented) expected to be paid in each of the next five fiscal years, and in the aggregate for the five fiscal years thereafter. The expected benefits should be estimated based on the same assumptions used to measure the company’s benefit obligation at the end of the year and should include benefits attributable to estimated future employee service. Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rates - Next Year Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rates - Next Year Assumptions Assumptions The discount rate used to calculate plan benefit obligations. Benefit Obligation - Discount Rate Discount Rate The benefits (as of the date of the latest statement of financial position presented) expected to be paid in each of the next five fiscal years, and in the aggregate for the five fiscal years thereafter. The expected benefits should be estimated based on the same assumptions used to measure the company’s benefit obligation at the end of the year and should include benefits attributable to estimated future employee service. Benefit Obligation - Ending Balance Benefit Obligation - Beginning Balance Benefit Obligation Benefit Obligation Expected rates of inflation assumed in estimating automatic Cost of Living Adjustments (COLA). Benefit Obligation - Rate of Compensation Increase Rate of Compensation Increase The weighted average estimates of the occurrence of future events affecting pension costs, such as mortality, withdrawal, disablement and retirement, changes in compensation and national pension benefits, and discount rates to reflect the time value of money. Benefit Obligation - Weighted-Average Assumptions - End of Period Weighted-Average Assumptions - End of Period The effects of foreign currency exchange rate changes that are to be disclosed are those applicable to plans of a foreign operation whose functional currency is not the reporting currency pursuant to FASB 52, "Foreign Currency Translation". An entity's functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which that entity operates. The functional currency can be the dollar or a foreign currency depending on the facts. Normally, it will be the currency of the economic environment in which cash is expended by the entity. Estimated Future Benefit Payments Estimated Future Benefit Payments The benefits (as of the date of the last annual report or 10-K) expected to be paid in each of the next five fiscal years, and in the aggregate for the five fiscal years thereafter. The expected benefits should be estimated based on the same assumptions used to measure the company’s benefit obligation at the end of the year and should include benefits attributable to estimated future employee service. Benefits Expected to be Paid Year 1 Benefits Expected to be Paid Year 1 The benefits (as of the date of the latest statement of financial position presented) expected to be paid in each of the next five fiscal years, and in the aggregate for the five fiscal years thereafter. The expected benefits should be estimated based on the same assumptions used to measure the company’s benefit obligation at the end of the year and should include benefits attributable to estimated future employee service. Benefits Expected to be Paid Year 2 Benefits Expected to be Paid Year 2 The benefits (as of the date of the latest statement of financial position presented) expected to be paid in each of the next five fiscal years, and in the aggregate for the five fiscal years thereafter. The expected benefits should be estimated based on the same assumptions used to measure the company’s benefit obligation at the end of the year and should include benefits attributable to estimated future employee service. Benefits Expected to be Paid Year 3 Benefits Expected to be Paid Year 3 When an employer is acquired in a business combination that is accounted for by the purchase method under Opinion 16 and that employer sponsors a single-employer defined benefit postretirement plan, the assignment of the purchase price to individual assets acquired and liabilities assumed shall include a liability for the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation in excess of the fair value of the plan assets or an asset for the fair value of the plan assets in excess of the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation. The accumulated postretirement benefit obligation assumed shall be measured based on the benefits attributed by the acquired entity to employee service prior to the date the business combination is consummated, adjusted to reflect (a) any changes in assumptions based on the purchaser's assessment of relevant future events (as discussed in paragraphs 23-42) and (b) the terms of the substantive plan (as discussed in paragraphs 23-28) to be provided by the purchaser to the extent they differ from the terms of the acquired entity's substantive plan. Benefits Expected to be Paid Year 4 Benefits Expected to be Paid Year 4 The net change in the actuarial present value during the period of all benefits attributed by the pension benefit formula to employee service rendered prior to that date. PBO is measured using assumptions as to future compensation levels if the pension benefit formula is based on those future compensation levels. Benefits Expected to be Paid Year 5 Benefits Expected to be Paid Year 5 Payments to which participants may be entitled under a pension plan, including pension benefits, death benefits, and benefits due on termination of employment. Benefits Expected to be Paid Year 6 And Thereafter Benefits Expected to be Paid Year 6 And Thereafter Participant contributions that contribute to part of the cost of the pension plan Business Combinations Business Combinations The net change in assets during the period—usually stocks, bonds, and other investments—that have been segregated and restricted (usually in a trust) to provide for postretirement benefits. The amount of plan assets includes amounts contributed by the employer (and by plan participants for a contributory plan) and amounts earned from investing the contributions, less benefits, income taxes, and other expenses incurred. Plan assets ordinarily cannot be withdrawn by the employer except under certain circumstances when a plan has assets in excess of obligations and the employer has taken certain steps to satisfy existing obligations. Benefits Paid Benefits Paid The amount that a pension plan could reasonably expect to receive for an investment in a current sale between a willing buyer and a willing seller, that is, other than in a forced or liquidation sale. Change in Benefit Obligation Change in Benefit Obligation Participants Contributions Participants Contributions The amount calculated as a basis for determining the extent of delayed recognition of the effects of changes in the fair value of assets. The expected return on plan assets is determined based on the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets and the market-related value of plan assets. Changes in Fair Value of Plan Assets Changes in Fair Value of Plan Assets Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets Change in Plan Assets The items that comprise the amount recognized in an employer's financial statements as the cost of a pension plan for a period. Change in Benefit Obligation During Period, Net Change in Benefit Obligation During Period, Net Cumulative employer contributions in excess of accrued net pension cost. Presentation of Changes in Benefit Obligation Presentation of Changes in Benefit Obligation Changes in Benefit Obligation - Other Other Changes in Fair Value of Plan Assets - Other Other Changes The interest cost component of net periodic pension cost is the increase in the projected benefit obligation due to passage of time. Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost The portion of pension cost that has been paid to a funding agency. Expected Return on Plan Assets Expected Return on Plan Assets The employer’s best estimate, as soon as it can reasonably be determined, of contributions expected to be paid to the plan during the next fiscal year beginning after the date of the latest statement of financial position presented. Estimated contributions may be presented in the aggregate combining (1) contributions required by funding regulations or laws, (2) discretionary contributions, and (3) noncash contributions. Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost Interest Cost Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost Interest Cost If applicable, the cost of providing special or contractual termination benefits recognized during the period and a description of the nature of the event. Contributions Expected to be Paid During the Next Fiscal Year Contributions Expected to be Paid During the Next Fiscal Year An event that significantly reduces the expected years of future service of present employees or eliminates for a significant number of employees the accrual of defined benefits for some or all of their future services. Cost to Provide Special or Contractual Termination Benefits Cost to Provide Special or Contractual Termination Benefits Any security representing a creditor relationship with an enterprise. It also includes (a) preferred stock that by its terms either must be redeemed by the issuing enterprise or is redeemable at the option of the investor and (b) a collateralized mortgage obligation (CMO) (or other instrument) that is issued in equity form but is required to be accounted for as a nonequity instrument regardless of how that instrument is classified (that is, whether equity or debt) in the issuer's statement of financial position. However, it excludes option contracts, financial futures contracts, forward contracts, and lease contracts. Thus, the term debt security includes, among other items, U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. government agency securities, municipal securities, corporate bonds, convertible debt, commercial paper, all securitized debt instruments, such as CMOs and real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs), and interest-only and principal-only strips. Trade accounts receivable arising from sales on credit by industrial or commercial enterprises and loans receivable arising from consumer, commercial, and real estate lending activities of financial institutions are examples of receivables that do not meet the definition of security; thus, those receivables are not debt securities (unless they have been securitized, in which case they would meet the definition). The percentage of the fair value of total plan assets held as of the measurement date used for each statement of financial position presented. Curtailments Curtailments Defined Benefit Plan Dislcosures Defined Benefit Plan Dislcosures This tuple permits reporting for multiple postirement benefit plans. Defined Benefit Plan Defined Benefit Plan Defined Contribution Plans - Cost Defined Contribution Plans - Description Description Defined Contribution Plan Disclosures Defined Contribution Plans 1% effect in assumed health care cost trend rates for service cost (the portion of the expected postretirement benefit obligation attributed to employee service during a period) and interest cost (the accrual of interest on the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation due to the passage of time). Divestitures Divestitures Effect of One Percentage Point Decrease on Postretirement Benefit Obligation Effect on Postretirement Benefit Obligation Effect of One Percentage Point Decrease on Total Service and Interest Cost Components - Amount Effect on Total Service and Interest Cost Components - Amount Effect of One Percentage Point Decrease on Total Service and Interest Cost Components - Percentage Effect on Total Service and Interest Cost Components - Percentage Employer contributions that contribute to part of the cost of the pension plan Effect of One Percentage Point Increase on Postretirement Benefit Obligation Effect on Postretirement Benefit Obligation Any security representing an ownership interest in an enterprise (for example, common, preferred, or other capital stock) or the right to acquire (for example, warrants, rights, and call options) or dispose of (for example, put options) an ownership interest in an enterprise at fixed or determinable prices. However, the term does not include convertible debt or preferred stock that by its terms either must be redeemed by the issuing enterprise or is redeemable at the option of the investor. The percentage of the fair value of total plan assets held as of the measurement date used for each statement of financial position presented. Effect of One Percentage Point Increase on Total Service and Interest Cost Components - Amount Effect on Total Service and Interest Cost Components - Amount Effect of One Percentage Point Increase on Total Service and Interest Cost Components - Percentage Effect on Total Service and Interest Cost Components - Percentage The amount that a pension plan could reasonably expect to receive for an investment in a current sale between a willing buyer and a willing seller, that is, other than in a forced or liquidation sale. Employer Contribution Employer Contribution The company-specific designation for the postretirement plan being reported. Entity's Plan Designation Entity's Plan Designation The funded status of the plans, the amounts not recognized in the statement of financial position, and the amounts recognized in the statement of financial position, including: (1) The amount of any unamortized prior service cost (2) The amount of any unrecognized net gain or loss (including asset gains and losses not yet reflected in market-related value) (3) The amount of any remaining unamortized, unrecognized net obligation or net asset existing at the initial date of application of Statement 87 or 106 (4) The net pension or other postretirement benefit prepaid assets or accrued liabilities (5) Any intangible asset and the amount of accumulated other comprehensive income recognized pursuant to paragraph 37 of Statement 87, as amended Fair Value of Plan Assets - Ending Balance Fair Value of Plan Assets - Beginning Balance Fair Value of Plan Assets Fair Value of Plan Assets An assumption about the annual rate(s) of change in the cost of health care benefits currently provided by the postretirement benefit plan, due to factors other than changes in the composition of the plan population by age and dependency status, for each year from the measurement date until the end of the period in which benefits are expected to be paid. The health care cost trend rates implicitly consider estimates of health care inflation, changes in health care utilization or delivery patterns, technological advances, and changes in the health status of the plan participants. Differing types of services, such as hospital care and dental care, may have different trend rates. Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Changes Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Changes The increase in the projected benefit obligation due to passage of time. Funded Status of Plans Funded Status of Plans Narrative description including target allocation percentages or range of percentages for each major category of plan assets presented on a weighted-average basis as of the measurement date(s) of the latest statement of financial position presented, if applicable, and other factors that are pertinent to an understanding of the policies or strategies such as investment goals, risk management practices, permitted and prohibited investments including the use of derivatives, diversification, and the relationship between plan assets and benefit obligations. These narrative descriptions are meant to be entity-specific and should reflect an entity’s basis for selecting the expected long-term rate-of-return-on-assets assumption and the most important investment policies and strategies. Future Annual Benefits of Plan Participants Covered by Insurance Contracts Future Annual Benefits of Plan Participants Covered by Insurance Contracts These narrative descriptions are meant to be entity-specific and should reflect an entity’s basis for selecting the expected long-term rate-of-return-on-assets assumption and the most important investment policies and strategies. A narrative description of the basis used to determine the overall expected long-term rate-of-return-on-assets assumption, such as the general approach used, the extent to which the overall rate-of-return-on-assets assumption was based on historical returns, the extent to which adjustments were made to those historical returns in order to reflect expectations of future returns, and how those adjustments were determined. Health Care Cost Trend Rates Health Care Cost Trend Rates The measurement date(s) used to determine pension and other postretirement benefit measurements for the pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans that make up at least the majority of plan assets and benefit obligations. Intangible Asset Intangible Asset The measurement date(s) used to determine pension and other postretirement benefit measurements for the pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans that make up at least the majority of plan assets and benefit obligations. Interest Cost Interest Cost The sale, liquidation or spin-off of a corporate division or subsidiary. Description of Investment Policies And Strategies Description of Investment Policies And Strategies The benefits (as of the date of the latest statement of financial position presented) expected to be paid in each of the next five fiscal years, and in the aggregate for the five fiscal years thereafter. The expected benefits should be estimated based on the same assumptions used to measure the company’s benefit obligation at the end of the year and should include benefits attributable to estimated future employee service. Basis Used to Determine the Overall Expected Long-Term Rate of Return on Assets Assumption Basis Used to Determine Overall Expected Long-Term Rate of Return on Assets Assumption The amount recognized in an employer's financial statements as the cost of a pension plan for a period. Measurement Date for the Majority of Benefit Obligations Measurement Date for the Majority of Benefit Obligations The amount recognized in an employer's financial statements as the cost of a pension plan for a period. Measurement Date for the Majority of Plan Assets Measurement Date for the Majority of Plan Assets If applicable, the amounts and types of securities of the employer and related parties included in plan assets, the approximate amount of future annual benefits of plan participants covered by insurance contracts issued by the employer or related parties, and any significant transactions between the employer or related parties and the plan during the period. Amounts Recognized in Statement of Financial Position, Net Consist Amounts Recognized in Statement of Financial Position, Net Consist The amount recognized in an employer's financial statements as the cost of a pension plan for a period. Components of net periodic pension cost are service cost, interest cost, actual return on plan assets, gain or loss, amortization of unrecognized prior service cost, and amortization of the unrecognized net obligation or asset existing at the date of initial application of this Statement. This Statement uses the term net periodic pension cost instead of net pension expense because part of the cost recognized in a period may be capitalized along with other costs as part of an asset such as inventory. Net Amount Recognized Net Amount Recognized Net Periodic Benefit Cost - Discount Rate Discount Rate An assumption about the annual rate(s) of change in the cost of health care benefits currently provided by the postretirement benefit plan, due to factors other than changes in the composition of the plan population by age and dependency status, for each year from the measurement date until the end of the period in which benefits are expected to be paid. The health care cost trend rates implicitly consider estimates of health care inflation, changes in health care utilization or delivery patterns, technological advances, and changes in the health status of the plan participants. Differing types of services, such as hospital care and dental care, may have different trend rates. Net Periodic Benefit Cost Net Periodic Benefit Cost An amount calculated as a basis for determining the extent of delayed recognition of the effects of changes in the fair value of assets. The expected return on plan assets is determined based on the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets and the market-related value of plan assets. Net Periodic Benefit Cost - Expected Long-Term Rate of Return on Plan Assets Expected Long-Term Rate of Return Other Net Periodic Benefit Cost Other Net Periodic Benefit Cost - Other Other Net Periodic Benefit Cost - Rate of Compensation Increase Rate of Compensation Increase Net Periodic Benefit Cost - Weighted-Average Assumptions - End of Period Net Periodic Benefit Cost - Weighted-Average Assumptions Number of Years Before Ultimate Trend Rate Reached Number of Years Before Ultimate Trend Rate Reached Obligations and Funded Status Obligations and Funded Status Represents assets which are not classified as current or fixed. Assets in which a Company has a legal or equitable interest. The percentage of the fair value of total plan assets held as of the measurement date used for each statement of financial position presented. One Percentage Point Decrease in Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rates One Percentage Point Decrease in Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rates One Percentage Point Increase in Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rates One Percentage Point Increase Other Plan Assets Other Plan Assets Other Changes in Benefit Obligation Other Other Changes in Fair Value of Plan Assets Other Changes Other Disclosures Other Disclosures The benefits (as of the date of the latest statement of financial position presented) expected to be paid in each of the next five fiscal years, and in the aggregate for the five fiscal years thereafter. The expected benefits should be estimated based on the same assumptions used to measure the company’s benefit obligation at the end of the year and should include benefits attributable to estimated future employee service. Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets Pension Other Benefits Plan Type Pension Other Benefits Plan Type A change in the terms of an existing plan or the initiation of a new plan. A plan amendment may increase benefits, including those attributed to years of service already rendered. Plan Amendments Plan Amendments The assumed health care cost trend rate(s) for the next year used to measure the expected cost of benefits covered by the plan (gross eligible charges) and a general description of the direction and pattern of change in the assumed trend rates thereafter, together with the ultimate trend rate(s) and when that rate is expected to be achieved. Asset Category Asset Category Plan Assets Plan Assets Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and Cash Equivalents The percentage of the fair value of total plan assets held as of the measurement date used for each statement of financial position presented. Plan Assets by Category Plan Assets The interest rate used to adjust for the time value of money. Debt Securities Debt Securities Plan Assets Plan Assets Plan Assets - Total Equity Securities Equity Securities Investments in Plan Sponsor Investments in Plan Sponsor Land, including all inherent natural attributes and man-made improvements of a permanent nature placed thereon The percentage of the fair value of total plan assets held as of the measurement date used for each statement of financial position presented. Real Estate Real Estate Cash Flows Cash Flows Assets—usually stocks, bonds, and other investments—that have been segregated and restricted (usually in a trust) to provide benefits. Plan assets include amounts contributed by the employer (and by employees for a contributory plan) and amounts earned from investing the contributions, less benefits paid. Plan assets cannot ordinarily be withdrawn by the employer except in certain circumstances when a plan has assets in excess of obligations and the employer has taken certain steps to satisfy existing obligations. For purposes of this Statement, assets not segregated in a trust or otherwise effectively restricted so that they cannot be used by the employer for other purposes are not plan assets even though it may be intended that such assets be used to provide pensions. Amounts accrued by the employer as net periodic pension cost but not yet paid to the plan are not plan assets for purposes of this Statement. Securities of the employer held by the plan are includable in plan assets provided they are transferable. If a plan has liabilities other than for benefits, those nonbenefit obligations may be considered as reductions of plan assets for purposes of this Statement. Plan Description Plan Description This element is to be used to capture the geographic coverage (or other categorization) of the plan being reported. Plan Type and Geographic Coverage Area Plan Type and Geographic Coverage Area Both Statement 87 and Statement 106 required disclosure of general descriptive information about the employer’s benefit plans, including employee groups covered, type of benefit formula, funding policy, types of assets held, and significant nonbenefit liabilities, if any. This Statement does not require that disclosure because the Board believes it provides only limited useful information to users of financial statements due to the general nature of the information provided, particularly after aggregating information about multiple plans with different characteristics. In lieu of that disclosure, this Statement requires disclosure of significant events occurring during the period that are otherwise not apparent in the disclosures, as that information is more relevant to users of financial statements. Several respondents to the Exposure Draft stated that the description of the plan required by Statements 87 and 106 can provide useful information about the plan. The Board therefore encourages an employer to provide a description of its plans if such a description would provide meaningful information, such as when the employer sponsors only a single plan. Prepaid Benefit Costs Prepaid Benefit Costs Presentation of Changes in Fair Value of Plan Assets Presentation of Changes in Fair Value of Plan Assets The actuarial present value as of a date of all benefits attributed by the pension benefit formula to employee service rendered prior to that date. The projected benefit obligation is measured using assumptions as to future compensation levels if the pension benefit formula is based on those future compensation levels (pay-related, final-pay, final-average-pay, or career-average-pay plans). Projected Benefit Obligation Projected Benefit Obligation The excess of the projected benefit obligation over plan assets. Projected Benefit Obligation in Excess of Plan Assets Projected Benefit Obligation in Excess of Plan Assets Rate to Which the Cost Trend Rate is Assumed to Decline (Ultimate Trend Rate) Ultimate Trend Rate The recognition of the change in the value of either the projected benefit obligation or the plan assets resulting from experience different from that assumed or from a change in an actuarial assumption. The cumulative net gain or loss that has not been recognized as a part of net periodic pension cost. Recognized Actuarial (Gain)/ Loss Recognized Actuarial (Gain)/ Loss For a defined benefit plan, an employer shall determine as of the measurement date (paragraph 52) for the beginning of the fiscal year in which this Statement is first applied, the amounts of (a) the projected benefit obligation and (b) the fair value of plan assets plus previously recognized unfunded accrued pension cost or less previously recognized prepaid pension cost. The difference between those two amounts, whether it represents an unrecognized net obligation (and loss or cost) or an unrecognized net asset (and gain), shall be amortized on a straight-line basis over the average remaining service period of employees expected to receive benefits under the plan, except that, (a) if the average remaining service period is less than 15 years, the employer may elect to use a 15-year period, and (b) if all or almost all of a plan's participants are inactive, the employer shall use the inactive participants' average remaining life expectancy period. That same amortization shall also be used to recognize any unrecognized net obligation related to a defined contribution plan. Remaining Unamortized/Unrecognized Net Obligation/Net Asset Existing at Initial Application Date of FAS 87/116 Remaining Unamortized/Unrecognized Net Obligation/Net Asset Existing at Initial Application Date of FAS 87/116 The actuarial present value of benefits attributed by the pension benefit formula to services rendered by employees during that period. The service cost component is a portion of the projected benefit obligation and is unaffected by the funded status of the plan. Service Cost Service Cost An irrevocable action that relieves the employer (or the plan) of primary responsibility for a pension benefit obligation and eliminates significant risks related to the obligation and the assets used to effect the settlement. Examples of transactions that constitute a settlement include (a) making lump-sum cash payments to plan participants in exchange for their rights to receive specified pension benefits and (b) purchasing nonparticipating annuity contracts to cover vested benefits. Settlements Settlements Significant Transactions Between the Employer or Related Parties and the Plan During the Period Significant Transactions Between the Employer or Related Parties and the Plan During the Period Payments to which participants may be entitled under a pension plan, including pension benefits, death benefits, and benefits due on termination of employment. Special Termination Benefits Special Termination Benefits If applicable, any substantive commitment, such as past practice or a history of regular benefit increases, used as the basis for accounting for the benefit obligation. Substantive Commitment Substantive Commitment Ultimate Trend Rate Reached Ultimate Trend Rate Reached The cumulative net gain or loss that has not been recognized as a part of net periodic pension cost. Unrecognized Actuarial Gain/(Loss) Unrecognized Actuarial Gain/(Loss) That portion of prior service cost that has not been recognized as a part of net periodic pension cost. Unrecognized Prior Service Cost Benefit Unrecognized Prior Service Cost Benefit Year Ultimate Trend Rate Reached Year Ultimate Trend Rate Reached